Linked are diverse sets of articles pertaining to:
The blood brain barrier in CFS patients
The blood brain barrier in tbi patients
The role of cytokines, chemokines, oxidative and nitrosative stress, adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinases, and vascular endothelial growth factor as well as the role of different cell types in the regulation of blood brain barrier permeability
as well as astrocyte production of pro inflammatory cytokines to a harmful degree such as when neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia in both CFS and tbi
Astrocytes play a key role in maintenance of neuronal functions in the central nervous system by producing various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, which act as a molecular coordinator of neuron-glia communication
Prominent among astrocyte signaling mechanisms is the ability to respond to, as well as to produce, many different cytokines and inflammatory mediators. These signaling mechanisms enable astrocytes to interact with diverse cell types in ways that may contribute to crosstalk between immune/inflammatory and neural systms