Staph vaccine to treat CFS??

Hipsman

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Another exciting aspect of this is that the level of neutralizing antibodies induced by the Staphypan vaccine correlated with the clinical effect. Which means that if this more modern vaccine induces a stronger serological response, then it has the potential to have even more potent effects against ME/CFS compared to Staphypan!
Good news indeed, it will be more accessible when it comes out then Russian staph vaccine, but it's probably that if someone doesn't respond or have long lasting effects from Russian staph vaccine, then he wouldn't benefit long term from this new vaccine too...
 

Hip

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@Hip Exciting news! There's a new, cGMP compliant Staphylococcus aureus toxoid vaccine in development called IBT-V02 by a company called Integrated Biotherapeutics Inc. It's reportedly in the late preclinical stage. It seems to contain most of the toxins that the original Staphypan vaccine contained.
That looks great! That could be available in a few years.

Some years back, I found three Staphylococcus vaccines that were in development, listed in this earlier post from 2015.

I wonder if the above IBT-V02 Staphylococcus vaccine is one of those three, or whether it is a different one entirely?



Bizarrely, the the University of Iowa Staphylococcus toxoid vaccine detailed in my 2015 post, and developed by Prof Patrick Schlievert, was blocked because one of its Staphylococcus toxoid ingredients became banned because of some bioterrorism law! See this post.
 

Hip

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@Hipsman discovered a very important piece of info regarding how to properly inject the Russian Medgamal Staphylococcus alpha toxoid vaccine:

Dr Igor Markov in Kyiv told @Hipsman that the Staphylococcus vaccine must be injected under the shoulder blade (scapula) if it is to be effective at stimulating the immune response. The vaccine instructions clearly state that it must be injected under the shoulder blade.

If the vaccine is injected elsewhere, then in Dr Markov's experience, it will not work, as it will not sufficiently stimulate the immune response.

This is a very interesting and important piece of info, as when I was testing the Staphylococcus vaccine, I injected subcutaneously into my belly area (just because it is not possible to reach the shoulder blade area yourself, you have to get someone else to do it).

So the fact that I injected the vaccine into the wrong place (along with everyone else on this thread who tried the Russian vaccine) could explain why we did not get good results.



Thus I am now planning to try the Russian Staphylococcus vaccine again, but this time injecting into the right place, beneath the shoulder blade.

The instructions for the stronger Russian Medgamal Adsorbed Staphylococcus vaccine state:
Method of administration and dosage. The drug is injected deeply subcutaneously into the lower corner of the scapula.
Source: instructions in Russian.


The instructions for the weaker Russian Medgamal Non-Adsorbed Staphylococcus vaccine state:
Method of administration and dosage. Staphylococcal toxoid, purified, is injected subcutaneously under the lower angle of the scapula, alternating between the right and left sides with each subsequent injection. Intramuscular administration of the drug is not allowed.
Source: instructions in Russian.

So it seems from these instructions that the Russian vaccine must be injected under the lower part of the shoulder blade.



I cannot find much information about how to inject under the shoulder blade, but the following images and associated captions are useful:

1625502408363.png

"Fig. 7 The so-called chicken-wing position elevates and defines the potential space for injection at the superior or inferior (arrow) bursa."

Source: here.



1625502476989.png

"The needle is inserted along the inferior medial border of the scapula and directed parallel to the plane of the undersurface of the scapula, not toward the chest wall."

Source: here.


It appears that the trick to injecting under the shoulder blade (scapula) is to place your arm in the chicken-wing position (as shown in the first image above), which then raises the shoulder blade up, making it easier to get the needle underneath.

And I think judging by the caption of the second image, the needle should be pushed in parallel to the shoulder blade, in order to go under the shoulder blade, rather than pushing the needle towards the chest.

I think the "lower corner of the scapula" referred to in the Russian vaccine instructions will correspond to the point indicated by the black arrow in the first image above.
 
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Hipsman

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So it seems the trick to injecting under the shoulder blade (scapula) is to place your arm in the chicken-wing position (as shown in the first image above), which then raises the shoulder blade up.
Yes, that is exactly how we were told to do it at Dr. Markov's clinic, they also have staph vaccine, but I was told by Dr. Igor Markov it's different then the russian staph vaccine, presumably it has more strains of staphylococcus:
Inactivated cells of no less then 21 strains of Staphylococcus: Staphylococcus Aureus - 15 strains, Staphylococcus haemolyticus - 3 strains, Staphylococcus epidermidis - 3 strains. 1ml of vaccine contains no less then 1.5 billion inactivated bacterial cells"
 
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Cipher

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For reference, this is how they injected the vaccine in Gottfries' study:
The injections were given subcutaneously in the gluteal region by a nurse ...
It's important to avoid the nerve in the area (even though subcutaneous injections are safer than intramuscular):


Any clue on why it needs to be injected specifically under the shoulder blade?
It could be related to the lymphatic system:
 
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Hip

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Yes, that is exactly how we were told to do it at Dr. Markov's clinic, they also have staph vaccine, but I was told my Dr. Igor Markov it's different then the russian staph vaccine, presumably it has more strains of staphylococcus:
I am not sure if this vaccine used by Dr Markov targets alpha toxin (one of the toxins made by Staphylococcus).

Alpha toxin is a virulence factor secreted by Staphylococcus: this toxin helps promote the Staphylococcus infection.

The Russian Medgamal Staphylococcus alpha toxoid vaccine stimulates an antibody response against alpha toxin.


The original Staphypan® Staphylococcus vaccine used by Prof Gottfries is wider-spectrum: it stimulates antibody responses to five Staphylococcus toxins: alpha toxin, enterotoxin A, enterotoxin B, enterotoxin C and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1.

Staphypan also stimulates antibody responses to bacterial lipase, and Staphylococcus bacterial cell walls. This was determined in a 2004 study by Zachrisson, one of Prof Gottfries colleagues.

But the interesting thing is that Zachrisson's study found that in ME/CFS patients, positive clinical response to Staphypan was associated with increased antibody levels to alpha toxin (and lipase). So for treating ME/CFS, alpha toxin appears to be the key toxin that you want the immune system to target.



When I Google searched the world in multiple languages trying find Staphylococcus vaccines in other countries, I found several vaccines which contained bacterial cell walls, but none which contain alpha toxoid, apart from the Russian Medgamal vaccine, which is an alpha toxoid vaccine.
 
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Hip

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Any clue on why it needs to be injected specifically under the shoulder blade?
It seems from Dr Markov's statement that injecting beneath the shoulder blade results in a strong immune response that better fights Staphylococcus infection, whereas injecting in other areas results in a weaker less effective response.

There may be something special about the area beneath the shoulder blade in terms of immune system sensitivity to vaccines.