Ranitidine is a drug that decreases stomach acid production<\/strong> and is therefore employed in the treatment and prevention of disorders related to excessive stomach acid [R<\/a>].<\/p>\n Developed in 1977, ranitidine was first introduced into the market in 1981 and quickly became the best-selling drug worldwide<\/strong> [R<\/a>].<\/p>\n The main brand names for ranitidine are Zantac\u00ae and Taladine\u00ae.<\/p>\n Ranitidine is a histamine<\/strong><\/a> blocker<\/strong>. By binding to the H2-receptors on the stomach acid-producing cells, it prevents their activation by histamine [R<\/a>].<\/p>\n Prescription ranitidine comes as tablets (oral and effervescent), capsules, and syrup. This medication is mainly used to treat [R<\/a>]:<\/p>\n It is also sold over-the-counter (OTC) as 75 mg and 150 mg tablets to prevent symptoms of excessive acid<\/strong> in the stomach such as [R<\/a>, R<\/a>]:<\/p>\n Ranitidine is frequently used worldwide and generally well tolerated.<\/p>\n A review of 21 trials concluded that ranitidine doses of 150 to 600 mg\/day are equally safe in elderly and non-elderly patients<\/strong> [R<\/a>].<\/p>\n Frequency of the main adverse effects of ranitidine in elderly and non-elderly patients [R<\/a>].<\/p>\n Adverse effects can, however, occur in up to 5% of patients. Those most frequently reported are [R<\/a>]:<\/p>\n The most frequent events in this system are [R<\/a>]:<\/p>\n These effects tend to improve with continuous treatment<\/strong>. Other, less frequent (up to 2%) side effects include:<\/p>\n Stomach and bowel cancer occurred at a rate of 0.2 per million patients treated, but cannot be associated with ranitidine intake<\/strong> [R<\/a>].<\/p>\n The most common effects of ranitidine on the brain are [R<\/a>]:<\/p>\n The proportion increases with age and among hospitalized patients<\/strong>, as well as in those with liver or kidney failure. The symptoms are quickly reversed by stopping the treatment<\/strong> [R<\/a>].<\/p>\n Less frequently reported reactions include:<\/p>\n Skin reactions associated with ranitidine intake include [R<\/a>]:<\/p>\n The following reactions have been observed less frequently<\/strong>:<\/p>\n Liver injuries caused by the use of ranitidine are rare<\/strong> [R<\/a>].<\/p>\n The most common liver abnormalities associated with ranitidine are [R<\/a>]:<\/p>\n Ranitidine does not alter the function of the thyroid, <\/strong>hypothalamus<\/strong><\/a>, pituitary, or sex glands<\/strong> [R<\/a>, R<\/a>].<\/p>\n Breast growth<\/strong> has been reported in 0.2 to 1.3 male patients per million [R<\/a>].<\/p>\n A small rise in prolactin release<\/strong> during ranitidine treatment was observed in 2 studies [R<\/a>, R<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n
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Side Effects<\/span><\/h2>\n
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<\/p>\n1) Stomach and Bowel<\/span><\/h3>\n
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2) Brain<\/span><\/h3>\n
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3) Skin<\/span><\/h3>\n
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4) Liver<\/span><\/h3>\n
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5) Hormone Production<\/span><\/h3>\n