{"id":74055,"date":"2019-12-24T08:00:07","date_gmt":"2019-12-24T16:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/?p=74055"},"modified":"2021-09-20T09:20:56","modified_gmt":"2021-09-20T16:20:56","slug":"papaya-enzyme-papain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/papaya-enzyme-papain\/","title":{"rendered":"10 Benefits of Papaya Enzyme (Papain) + Side Effects"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>You\u2019ll find papaya enzyme (papain) in papayas and in a number of dietary supplements. Not only does it enhance digestion and lower inflammation, but it may also help fight infections and improve wound healing. Keep reading to learn about its health benefits, dosage, and side effects.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"What_Is_Papain\">What Is Papain?<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span id=\"Definition\"><strong>Definition<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Papain is a <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/digestive-enzymes\/\"><strong>digestive enzyme<\/strong><\/a><strong> naturally found in papaya <\/strong>(<em>Carica papaya<\/em>). It is a protease: an enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids, which aids digestion. Thanks to its protein-degrading action, papain is also often used as a meat tenderizer [<a href=\"https:\/\/thescipub.com\/abstract\/10.3844\/ajbbsp.2012.99.104\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.indianjournals.com\/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:ijar1&amp;volume=41&amp;issue=1&amp;article=012\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Papain is extracted from papaya latex<\/strong>, a milky fluid that oozes from the fruit, stem, and leaves of the plant. The fruit is the richest in it: <strong>the more unripe the papaya, the more active the papain<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1186404\/\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/13508399\/\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1264507\/\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>People have long known about the papaya enzyme, using it to improve digestion and to lower <a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/23-ways-to-combat-pain-naturally-by-increasing-your-opioids\/\">pain<\/a>, swelling, and inflammation. Papain can reduce bloating, gas, and diarrhea. According to recent research, it may also combat inflammation and infections [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29604620\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27416522\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23212988\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>You can get papaya enzyme by eating papayas&#8230; but you would need to eat plenty of mostly unripe fruits. You can spot unripe papayas by the green color of their skin. Alternatively, various papain supplements are widely available [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23524622\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"What_Does_It_Do\"><strong>What Does It Do?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Overall, the papaya enzyme or papain <strong>digests proteins<\/strong>, freeing amino acids the gut can absorb. Next, it blocks the growth of harmful <a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/gut-bacteria-microbiome\/\">gut bacteria<\/a>, maintaining a healthy<strong> microbiome<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Plus, it <strong>degrades gliadin<\/strong>: a component of gluten that causes problems in people with celiac disease [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26593625\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23524622\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29604620\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/7097295\/\">R<\/a>]:<\/p>\n<p>Papain is also an <strong>antioxidant and anti-inflammatory<\/strong>. As such, it can neutralize excess free radicals that can build up and contribute to a number of chronic diseases [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27416522\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26243847\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/789219\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23212988\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23190471\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Snapshot\"><strong>Snapshot<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Here is an overview of the health benefits and risks of papaya enzyme [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29604620\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27416522\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23212988\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23524622\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/thescipub.com\/abstract\/10.3844\/ajbbsp.2012.99.104\">R<\/a>]:<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Proponents:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>May improves digestion<\/li>\n<li>May speed up wound healing<\/li>\n<li>May lower oxidative stress &amp; inflammation<\/li>\n<li>May help with infections &amp; sore throat<\/li>\n<li>May reduce pain &amp; muscles soreness<\/li>\n<li>May support dental health<\/li>\n<li>May protect the brain<\/li>\n<li>May reduce shingles symptoms<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Skeptics:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Insufficient evidence for some benefits<\/li>\n<li>Mild side effects, such as stomach pain<\/li>\n<li>Possible allergic reactions<\/li>\n<li>Likely unsafe for pregnant women<\/li>\n<li>Possible drug interactions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Health_Benefits\"><strong>Health Benefits<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<aside class=\"sh-partner shp-form sponsored sh-et-7388fa\">\n  <div>\n          <div class=\"partner-heading\">Get the Regimen of A Top Biohacker<\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"partner-content\">\n      <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Joe Cohen is well-known for his work as a successful entrepreneur in the health field after he overcame his many health issues using a personalized regimen. Find out exactly which supplements he takes and what lifestyle changes Joe has made to maintain optimal health.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"subscribe-form-container\">\n      <form method=\"POST\" action=\"\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74055\" class=\"sh-subscribe-form\">\n        <input type=\"email\" name=\"subscribe_form_data[email]\"\n            pattern=\"^[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&\u2019*+\/=?^_`{|}~-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+(?:\\.[a-zA-Z0-9-]+)*$\" required\n            placeholder=\"Enter your email\">\n                  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"subscribe_form_data[tags][]\" value=\"SH Optin: PartnerAd Joes Regimen\">\n                  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"subscribe_form_data[tags][]\" value=\"SH Optin: Joes Regimen\">\n                  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"subscribe_form_data[tags][]\" value=\"PartnerAd\">\n                <button type=\"submit\" class=\"btn btn-primary subscribe-submit\">Get The Regimen<\/button>\n      <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n          <style>aside.sponsored.sh-et-7388fa::before{content:\"Advertisement\"}<\/style>\n<\/aside>\n<h3><span id=\"Possibly_Effective\"><strong>Possibly Effective<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><span id=\"1_Improving_Digestion\"><strong>1) Improving Digestion<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Overall, the papaya enzyme <strong>enhances digestion<\/strong> by breaking down proteins into amino acids, which helps the body absorb nutrients. Therefore, it can improve symptoms in people with various digestive disorders [<a href=\"https:\/\/thescipub.com\/abstract\/10.3844\/ajbbsp.2012.99.104\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/10942912.2012.709210\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23524622\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/14209911\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/4946704\/\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Celiac Disease<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Papain can break down parts of gliadin, a component of gluten. As such, it has the potential to help people with <strong>celiac disease<\/strong>. In 3 people with celiac disease, papain supplements improved nutrient absorption and reduced loose stools [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/14209911\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/62236\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26593625\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Indigestion &amp; Heartburn<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>In a clinical study of 200 people with <strong>indigestion<\/strong>, papain reduced stomach inflammation. Compared to the placebo, it <strong>relieved symptoms<\/strong> such as stomach pain, vomiting, nausea, heartburn, burping, and bloating [<a href=\"https:\/\/annalskemu.org\/journal\/index.php\/annals\/article\/view\/2322\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h4><strong>IBS<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>In two clinical studies of over 150 people in total, either with constipation-dominant <a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/causes-ibs-general-gut-dysfunction\/\">IBS<\/a> or chronic stomach inflammation (gastritis), papaya enzyme <strong>improved symptoms<\/strong> such as constipation, bloating, painful bowel movements, flatulence, and stomach pain, while reducing inflammation [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23524622\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29604620\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Papaya enzyme can also block the growth of harmful gut bacteria that cause <a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/causes-ibs-general-gut-dysfunction\/\">IBS<\/a> and other stomach and gut disorders [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20508844\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/7097295\/\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Stomach Ulcers<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Papain also decreased stomach acidity and ulcer size in rats with stomach ulcers [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4058214\/\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19566009\/\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>All in all, the evidence suggests that papain may help with digestive issues such as indigestion, IBS, and stomach inflammation. You may discuss with your doctor if it may help as an add-on to your treatment regime. Importantly, never use papain as a replacement for what your doctor recommends or prescribes.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sh-summary\"><div class=\"sh-summary-content\">Papaya enzyme may improve digestion, gut flora, and nutrient absorption in people with celiac disease, indigestion, and IBS. It may also protect against stomach ulcers.<\/div><\/div>\n<h3><span id=\"2_Wound_Healing\"><strong>2) Wound Healing<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In multiple clinical studies with over 350 people and 30 children, <strong>papaya enzyme applied to the skin sped up the healing of skin ulcers or burns<\/strong>. It reduced wound size, removed damaged tissue, accelerated wound closure, and shortened the hospital stay. It worked better than collagenase, hydrogen peroxide dressing, or placebo [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.indjst.org\/index.php\/indjst\/article\/view\/30237\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3523510\/\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10563690\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12851592\/\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8771841\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10786448\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>In animal and cell-based studies, topical papain removed dead cells and tissue, stimulated wound healing, and decreased scarring and inflammation. And aside from helping new tissue form, it may also prevent bacterial infection [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25431122\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23405827\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20095880\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21061910\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17877152\/\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23266464\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19041705\/\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15455084\/\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Again, the existing evidence backs the use of papain for wound healing. You may use it for this purpose if your doctor determines that it may be helpful in your case.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"3_Inflammation_Oxidative_Stress\"><strong>3) Inflammation &amp; Oxidative Stress<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In 3 clinical studies with over 250 people, papaya enzyme <strong>lowered gut and stomach inflammation <\/strong>and improved symptoms such as nausea, stomach pain, and constipation [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23524622\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29604620\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/annalskemu.org\/journal\/index.php\/annals\/article\/view\/2322\">R<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>A combination of papain with other enzymes (<a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/bromelain-benefits\/\">bromelain<\/a>, trypsin, and chymotrypsin) <strong>decreased<\/strong> high <a href=\"http:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/tgf\/\">TGF-beta<\/a> levels, thus lowering inflammation in 130 people [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/11561866\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>In rats, papain lowered inflammation as good as the NSAID <a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/indomethacin\/\">indomethacin<\/a> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/11589110\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4480493\/\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>What is more, papaya enzyme increased <a href=\"http:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/treg\/\">regulatory T cells<\/a>, which can fight inflammation and normalize the immune response. It also lowered inflammatory cytokines (<a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/supplements-lifestyle-factors-influence-tnf-interleukin-6-il-6\/\">TNF<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/il-8\/\">IL-8<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/interleukin-6\/\">IL-6<\/a>) in human cells [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21520494\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Finally, papain offered the following benefits in animal and cell-based studies [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16691628\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3508853\/\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8412504\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/it.science.cmu.ac.th\/ejournal\/journalDetail.php?journal_id=5033\">R<\/a>]:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Lowered <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/oxidative-stress-101\/\"><strong>oxidative stress<\/strong><\/a> similar to <a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/vitamin-e-can-help-fertility-pregnancy\/\">vitamin E<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/need-know-vitamin-c-32-science-based-health-benefits\/\">vitamin C<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Increased antioxidant enzymes <\/strong>(<a href=\"http:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/30-scientifically-proven-health-benefits-glutathione\/\">glutathione<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/the-brain-fog-gene-rs4880-or-sod2\/\">SOD<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/selfdecode.com\/gene\/CAT\/?utm_source=seo&amp;#38;utm_medium=selfhacked&amp;#38;utm_campaign=id00002\">CAT<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Although a bit limited, the evidence suggests that papain reduces inflammation. Further clinical research is needed to determine how to use it therapeutically for inflammatory issues. Its potential antioxidant activity requires validation in clinical studies.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sh-summary\"><div class=\"sh-summary-content\">Papain may lower inflammation, increase antioxidant defense, and help balance the immune response.<\/div><\/div>\n<h3><span id=\"Insufficient_Evidence\">Insufficient Evidence<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><span id=\"1_Dental_Health\"><strong>1) Dental Health<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In a clinical trial on 52 people with braces and gum inflammation, toothpaste with papain, bromelain, miswak, and neem<strong> limited dental plaque and tooth decay<\/strong> better than standard toothpaste. Papaya enzyme gel cleared tooth cavities, lowered bacterial counts, and reduced pain and costs in 7 clinical studies on 159 children [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5429476\/\">R<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21678665\"> R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20297701\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25823480\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4012231\/\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4126827\/\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28422591\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6297251\/\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>In the lab, papaya enzyme gel <strong>resolved tooth decay<\/strong> without affecting the bone structure of teeth. It also <strong>prevented the growth of plaque-causing bacteria and their biofilms<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19148394\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18477426\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16491964\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28662376\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26969579\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20660971\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Although the results are promising (especially concerning its effects on cavities removal), only a few small clinical trials have been carried out. More studies on larger populations are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sh-summary\"><div class=\"sh-summary-content\">Natural toothpaste with papaya and other herbs may help reduce gum inflammation and tooth decay.<\/div><\/div>\n<h3><span id=\"2_Infections\"><strong>2) Infections<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In 3 clinical studies with over 400 people with dengue fever, papaya leaf extract <strong>increased the number of <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/platelets\/\"><strong>platelets<\/strong><\/a> and reduced the hospital stay compared to placebo. However, it is unclear if the effect was due to papaya enzyme or other compounds in the leaves [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jahm.in\/index.php\/JAHM\/article\/view\/33\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3614241\/\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3638585\/\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>In a 3-year study on 62 women with <strong>vaginal yeast infections<\/strong> (candidiasis), a supplement containing papaya enzyme, bromelain, and <a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/rutin\/\">rutin<\/a><strong> improved symptoms<\/strong> and reduced infection recurrence [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23710984\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>In animal and cell studies, papain destroyed <a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/44-science-backed-ways-to-inhibit-biofilms-naturally-with-references\/\">biofilms<\/a>, a sticky mass of bacteria that resists common treatments. It also <strong>blocked the growth<\/strong> of the following bacteria, fungi, and parasites [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27175088\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/7097295\/\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6526234\/\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8412504\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/jrds.ir\/browse.php?a_id=355&amp;sid=1&amp;slc_lang=en\">R<\/a>]:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bacteria that cause food-borne illnesses, respiratory, gut, stomach and urinary infections, and <a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/ibd-ulcerative-colitis-crohn-genetics-lifestyle-stress-infections\/\">IBD<\/a> (<em>Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/treat-cure-candida\/\"><em>Candida<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n<li><em>Schistosoma mansoni, <\/em>a parasite causing bilharzia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Because the clinical trials used papain in combination with other papaya compounds or herbal extracts and the only studies using papain alone were done in animals and cells, there is insufficient evidence to claim that this enzyme helps fight infections in humans. More clinical trials using papain alone are needed to evaluate its effects.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sh-summary\"><div class=\"sh-summary-content\">Papaya enzyme may fight bacterial, yeast, and parasite infections&#8211;but the evidence is limited.<\/div><\/div>\n<h3><span id=\"3_Pain_and_Muscle_Soreness\"><strong>3) Pain and Muscle Soreness<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In a clinical trial on 80 people who underwent surgery, a supplement containing papaya enzyme, <a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/bromelain-benefits\/\">bromelain<\/a>, and rutin <strong>reduced pain<\/strong> quicker than placebo. It also lowered the participants\u2019 need for painkillers [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8304581\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>In another 30 healthy people, a multi-enzyme supplement including papain <strong>reduced muscle pain<\/strong> and <strong>soreness after intense <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/top-14-proven-health-benefits-exercise-references-mechanisms\/\"><strong>exercise<\/strong><\/a> slightly better than placebo. Additionally, supplementation prevented muscle damage and enhanced post-exercise recovery [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15161110\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2698827\/\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Two clinical trials testing papain in combination with other enzymes and compounds cannot be considered sufficient evidence that papain helps with pain and muscle soreness. Further clinical research with papain alone is required.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"4_Autism_Symptoms\"><strong>4) Autism Symptoms<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/digestive-enzymes\/\">Digestive enzymes<\/a> may improve the symptoms of some children with autism. Papain and <a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/pepsin\/\">pepsin<\/a> improved <strong>emotional response<\/strong>, general behavior, and gut symptoms in a clinical study of over 100 children with autism [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26243847\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>A single clinical trial cannot be considered sufficient evidence to attest to the effectiveness of papain at improving the emotional symptoms of autism. Larger, more robust clinical trials are needed to validate this preliminary result.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"5_Shingles\"><strong>5) Shingles<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In a clinical study on 192 people with shingles, digestive enzymes including papaya enzyme <strong>relieved <\/strong>pain and skin lesions as effectively as the antiviral drug acyclovir. However, it\u2019s difficult to say how much papain (and not the other digestive enzymes used in the therapy) contributed to the benefits [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/7713467\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"6_Sore_Throat\"><strong>6) Sore Throat<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In a clinical study on 100 people with a sore throat and\/or tonsils inflammation, multi-ingredient lozenges with papaya enzyme <strong>reduced swelling, mucus, coughing, redness, and pain<\/strong> better than the placebo. But these lozenges also contained lysozyme and bacitracin, both of which can kill bacteria, so the specific contribution of papain to the effects observed is difficult to estimate [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/789219\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"7_Fighting_Cancer\"><strong>7) Fighting Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In a clinical study on 120 people with advanced cervical cancer, papaya enzyme together with trypsin and chymotrypsin <strong>reduced radiotherapy side effects<\/strong> (vaginal, genital, urinary and gut problems) [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/11561869\/\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>In animal and cell studies, papaya enzyme <strong>blocked<\/strong> the growth, spread, and survival of various cancer cells (liver, colon, gut, lung, skin) [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23212988\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26935541\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/innovareacademics.in\/journals\/index.php\/ijpps\/article\/view\/1868\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/30584930\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/2139872\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Larger clinical studies have yet to determine the effects of papaya enzyme in cancer prevention and fight.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Limitations_and_Caveats\"><strong>Limitations and Caveats<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The evidence about the benefits and risks of the papaya enzyme is largely based on animal and cell-based studies. The few published clinical trials had a limited number of participants.<\/p>\n<p>Furthermore, a number of studies used multi-enzyme supplements, making the contribution of papain unclear.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Side_Effects_Precautions\">Side Effects &amp; Precautions<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><em>This list does not cover all possible side effects. Contact your doctor or pharmacist if you notice any other side effects. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. In the US, you may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medwatch\"><em>www.fda.gov\/medwatch<\/em><\/a><em>. In Canada, you may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Common_Side_Effects\"><strong>Common Side Effects<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Side effects reported after using papaya enzyme are mild and include [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3523510\/\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4540030\/\">R<\/a>]:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Stomach pain<\/li>\n<li>Diarrhea<\/li>\n<li>Throat irritation<\/li>\n<li>Skin rash<\/li>\n<li>Itching<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Allergy\"><strong>Allergy<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>If you are allergic to papaya or latex, avoid papain supplements; they may trigger an allergic reaction [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4471117\/\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Pregnancy_Fertility\"><strong>Pregnancy\/ Fertility<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In pregnant rats, unripe or semi-ripe papayas stimulated contractions. In male rats and mice, papaya extracts lowered sperm motility and fertility [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12144723\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/1293029\/\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8186628\/\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17080407\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16313067\/\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Based on this preliminary evidence, pregnant women or couples trying to conceive should probably avoid papain supplements.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Drug_interactions\"><strong>Drug interactions<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><em>Supplement\/Herb\/Nutrient-drug interactions can be dangerous and, in rare cases, even life-threatening. Always consult your doctor before supplementing and let them know about all drugs and supplements you are using or considering.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The combination of papaya enzyme together with <strong>diabetes drugs<\/strong> may excessively lower blood sugar levels [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3551835\/\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Papaya leaf extracts may increase platelets. Papaya enzyme or purees may have a similar effect. Their combination with blood thinners (such as heparin, aspirin, and warfarin) should be avoided [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27857891\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3757281\/\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Dosage_Supplement_Forms\"><strong>Dosage &amp; Supplement Forms<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span id=\"Choose_a_Formulation\"><strong>Choose a Formulation<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Depending on your health goals, you can take papaya enzyme by mouth or apply it to your skin.<\/p>\n<p>Unripe papayas contain papain, but it\u2019s hard to know how much. For more precise dosing, papaya enzyme is available as <strong>fruit mash\/puree, powder, capsules, chewable tablets, and lozenges<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29604620\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12851592\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/789219\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>It is also formulated into <strong>creams, gels, and wound dressings<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Remember that papaya enzyme supplements have not been approved by the FDA for medical use due to the lack of solid clinical research. Regulations set manufacturing standards for supplements but don&#8217;t guarantee that they&#8217;re safe or effective. Speak with your doctor before supplementing.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Supplement_Combinations\"><strong>Supplement Combinations<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bromelain<\/strong>: by far the most popular combination. <a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/bromelain-benefits\/\">Bromelain<\/a> may also improve digestion and reduce inflammation. Plus, toothpaste with papain and bromelain <strong>removed teeth stains<\/strong> better than standard toothpaste in the lab [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21356017\">R<\/a>].<\/li>\n<li><strong>Other digestive enzymes<\/strong>: multi-enzyme formulas may further enhance digestion. <a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/probiotics-good-bacteria\/\">Probiotics<\/a> and\/or <a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/bile-supplements\/\">bile<\/a> are sometimes added as well [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4923703\/\">R<\/a>].<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chlorophyll: <\/strong>a less-known combination. Cream with papain and chlorophyll for wound care helped remove dead tissue and heal wounds quicker [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/13487919\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/13543669\">R<\/a>].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span id=\"Dosage\"><strong>Dosage<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Because papain is not approved by the FDA for any condition, there is no official dose. Users and supplement manufacturers have established unofficial doses based on trial and error. Discuss with your doctor if papain may be useful as a complementary approach in your case and which dose you should take.<\/p>\n<p><strong>You can take papain fruit mash straight or mix it with water, juice, food, or smoothies<\/strong>. <strong>Capsules or chewable tablets <\/strong>contain between 20mg to 40mg papain and should be taken according to the specifications of each brand, as the supplements are not standardized. Papain powder is also available.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Caricol is a concentrate from the pulp of unripe papayas<\/strong>. It also contains natural flavors and mango and plum concentrate, which improve its taste. Clinical studies used 20 mL\/20 g of Caricol once to twice a day. The manufacturers recommend taking 1-3 portions (21 mL each) after meals or as needed [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23524622\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29604620\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><strong>For sore throat, people can take lozenges<\/strong> (Frubienzym) containing 2 mg papain, 5 mg lysozyme, and 200 I.U. bacitracin for 4 days [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/789219\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"For_Dogs\"><strong>For Dogs<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Papaya enzyme gel removed dead tissue and accelerated wound healing better than sunflower oil in 3 dogs [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0102-09352016000501201\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Papain was well tolerated by dogs, but did not affect their digestion or bowel movements [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/Effect-of-the-addition-of-papain-enzyme-on-and-of-Santos-S%C3%A1\/3e0968300d5a195270b38ee9a0a617271fc17377\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Some sources suggest that papain can enhance digestive health and lower inflammation, especially in older dogs. Since processed dog food may be harder to digest, papain and other digestive enzymes might help.<\/p>\n<p>Due to the limited research, it would be best to consult a vet before giving enzyme supplements to your dog.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sh-summary\"><div class=\"sh-summary-content\"><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Takeaway\">Takeaway<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Derived from unripe papayas, papain is a strong digestive aid. It is an enzyme that works by breaking down proteins, which helps the gut soak up more nutrients. Papain may provide safe symptom relief to people with celiac disease, IBS, and indigestion. Papaya enzyme is also an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. It may lower post-exercise muscle pain, enhance wound healing, fight infections, and improve dental health. If you want to skip eating unripe papayas, pick a supplement according to your health goals. Some products contain only papain, while others blend it with herbs and additional enzymes.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>You\u2019ll find papaya enzyme (papain) in papayas and in a number of dietary supplements. Not only does it enhance digestion and lower inflammation, but it may also help fight infections and improve wound healing. Keep reading to learn about its health benefits, dosage, and side effects.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14687,"featured_media":74058,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[15594],"tags":[279],"yst_prominent_words":[19298,7529,2953,5841,1708,8469,21875,21873,21872,21871,21876,31971,21877,17349,515,529,593,598,21874,1914],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74055"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14687"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=74055"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74055\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":114581,"href":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74055\/revisions\/114581"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/74058"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74055"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=74055"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=74055"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=74055"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}