{"id":26756,"date":"2019-11-19T09:23:26","date_gmt":"2019-11-19T17:23:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/?p=26756"},"modified":"2021-09-20T09:18:19","modified_gmt":"2021-09-20T16:18:19","slug":"s-boulardii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/s-boulardii\/","title":{"rendered":"Top 9 Saccharomyces boulardii Health Benefits (S. boulardii)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>S. boulardii <\/em>is a commonly recommended probiotic for a number of GI issues, especially diarrhea. This probiotic may also combat bacterial, parasite and fungal infections and support the human immune system. Read on to learn more about the science behind these benefits.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"What_is_Saccharomyces_boulardii\"><strong>What is <em>Saccharomyces boulardii<\/em>?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><em>Saccharomyces boulardii<\/em> is a tropical species of yeast first isolated from lychee and <a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/mangosteen\/\">mangosteen<\/a> fruit in 1923. A French scientist (named Boulard, hence the scientific name of <em>S. boulardii<\/em>) first isolated this yeast after observing the natives of Southeast Asia chewing on the skin of lychee and mangosteen in an attempt to ward off cholera.<\/p>\n<p><em>S. boulardii <\/em>has been prescribed in the past 30 years for the prevention and treatment of diarrheal diseases caused by bacteria. Evidence suggests that this probiotic may be beneficial for <a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/ibd-ulcerative-colitis-crohn-genetics-lifestyle-stress-infections\/\">IBD<\/a> and<a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/causes-ibs-general-gut-dysfunction\/\"> IBS<\/a> patients [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2761627\/\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Potential_Health_Benefits\"><strong>Potential Health Benefits<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><em>S. boulardii<\/em> probiotics are in a unique position in terms of classification and approval. While they, like other probiotic supplements, are not approved by the FDA for any medical purpose or health claim, the FDA recognizes that doctors may use <em>S. boulardii<\/em> in a clinical setting. As such, special care has been advised when administering <em>S. boulardii <\/em>probiotics to patients who are ill and vulnerable to complications [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3294522\/\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Talk to your doctor before using probiotics to ensure that you are not at risk for any potential complications.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Likely_Effective_For\">Likely Effective For<\/span><\/h3>\n<h4>1) Diarrhea<\/h4>\n<p>Formula with <em>S. boulardii <\/em><strong>shortened diarrhea duration<\/strong> in infants and allowed quicker weight regain than a standard formula [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21734600\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20236813\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><em>S. boulardii <\/em>significantly <strong>reduces the frequency and duration of acute diarrhea<\/strong> in children. This probiotic is well-tolerated [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4125647\/\">R<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2829915\/\"> R<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21997865\"> R<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18256417\"> R<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17306006\"> R<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27283364\"> R<\/a>]. It also often <strong>reduces the length of ECU and hospital stay<\/strong> in acute infectious gastroenteritis in children [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25653151\">R<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15858959\"> R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><em>S. boulardii <\/em>also decreases the duration and frequency of diarrhea, <strong>ameliorates abdominal <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/23-ways-to-combat-pain-naturally-by-increasing-your-opioids\/\"><strong>pain<\/strong><\/a> in adults, and shortens the hospital stay in patients with acute infectious diarrhea [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22476321\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22335323\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Some studies report that <em>S. boulardii<\/em> is not effective in preventing the development of antibiotic-associated diarrhea [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22472744\">R<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18949181\"> R<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9570649\"> R<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4785405\/\"> R<\/a>]. However, many studies do, in fact, show that <em>S. boulardii <\/em>is <strong>effective in reducing the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea<\/strong> in both children and adults [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26216624\">R<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24311316\"> R<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15740542\"> R<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16572062\"> R<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15357564\"> R<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/2494098\"> R<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/7872284\"> R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><em>S<\/em>. <em>boulardii<\/em> was also found to <strong>prevent traveler\u2019s diarrhea<\/strong>, particularly in regions such as North Africa and in the Near-east [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8486328\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><em>S. boulardii <\/em>is considered safe to administer to children who have acute diarrhea [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24958586\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Possibly_Effective_For\">Possibly Effective For<\/span><\/h3>\n<h4>2) Gut Health<\/h4>\n<h5>IBS<\/h5>\n<p><em>S. boulardii <\/em><strong>improved the cytokine profile, histology, and quality of life<\/strong> of patients with diarrhea dominant irritable bowel syndrome (<a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/causes-ibs-general-gut-dysfunction\/\">IBS<\/a>-D) [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24722560\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><em>S. boulardii <\/em>alone or with mesalazine <strong>improved<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/causes-ibs-general-gut-dysfunction\/\"><strong> IBS<\/strong><\/a><strong>-D symptoms<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24474234\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><em>S. boulardii <\/em><strong>improved quality of life<\/strong> in patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS or mixed-type IBS [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21301358\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>One study, however, found no improvement in IBS-D patients after <em>S. boulardii<\/em> treatment [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21804501\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<aside class=\"sh-partner shp-form sponsored sh-et-7388fa\">\n  <div>\n          <div class=\"partner-heading\">8 Ways To Use Your DNA &amp; Optimize Your Health<\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"partner-content\">\n      <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What kinds of secrets could your genes hold? Read this guide and find out how you can take your health into your own hands and find the root cause of your issues through gene-based health.<\/span><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"subscribe-form-container\">\n      <form method=\"POST\" action=\"\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26756\" class=\"sh-subscribe-form\">\n        <input type=\"email\" name=\"subscribe_form_data[email]\"\n            pattern=\"^[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&\u2019*+\/=?^_`{|}~-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+(?:\\.[a-zA-Z0-9-]+)*$\" required\n            placeholder=\"Enter your email\">\n                  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"subscribe_form_data[tags][]\" value=\"SH Optin: PartnerAd Your DNA Your Health\">\n                  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"subscribe_form_data[tags][]\" value=\"SH Optin: Your DNA Your Health Guide\">\n                  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"subscribe_form_data[tags][]\" value=\"PartnerAd\">\n                <button type=\"submit\" class=\"btn btn-primary subscribe-submit\">Optimize My Health<\/button>\n      <\/form>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n          <style>aside.sponsored.sh-et-7388fa::before{content:\"Advertisement\"}<\/style>\n<\/aside>\n<h5>Drug-induced GI Damage<\/h5>\n<p><em>S. boulardii <\/em>significantly <strong>reduced the numbers of gastric ulcers<\/strong> and the ulceration surface of the gastric mucosa in rats treated with ibuprofen [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20185968\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h5>IBD<\/h5>\n<p><em>S. boulardii<\/em> can be an effective addition in the treatment of patients with <a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/ibd-ulcerative-colitis-crohn-genetics-lifestyle-stress-infections\/\">ulcerative colitis<\/a> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12840682\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>In association with doxycycline, it is effective in treating IBD in animal models, in which doxycycline is used to induce remission and long-term probiotic administration<strong> helps to prevent relapses<\/strong> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25917208\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><em>S. boulardii <\/em>treatment limits the infiltration of <a href=\"http:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/supplements-people-th1-dominant\/\">Th1<\/a> cells into the inflamed colon and inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production in mice with IBD [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17087945\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>It <strong>suppresses colitis and pro-inflammatory cytokine production<\/strong> and decreases tissue NO levels in rats [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18612822\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3508640\/\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><em>S. boulardii <\/em><strong>reduces inflammation<\/strong> and intestinal colonization by <em>C. albicans<\/em> in mice with colitis [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17885943\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h5>Crohn\u2019s Disease<\/h5>\n<p><em>S. boulardii<\/em> added to baseline therapy <strong>improved intestinal permeability<\/strong> in Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) patients, even though complete normalization was not achieved [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18584523\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>In addition to the basic treatment, it<strong> reduced the frequency of bowel movements<\/strong> in CD patients [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8465554\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h5>GI Inflammation<\/h5>\n<p><em>S. boulardii<\/em> <strong>reduced inflammation and dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract<\/strong> in mice with intestinal mucositis [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24503021\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><em>S. boulardii<\/em> inhibited <em>C. difficile<\/em> toxin A-associated enteritis and <strong>protected against intestinal inflammation<\/strong> in mice [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16816386\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h4>2) <em>H. pylori<\/em> Infection<\/h4>\n<p><em>S. boulardii <\/em>had a positive effect on <strong>reducing the colonization of <em>H. pylori<\/em> <\/strong>in the human gastrointestinal system, but was not able to eradicate infection when used as single therapy [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4733292\/\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>In patients with <em>H. pylori<\/em> infection, <em>S. boulardii<\/em> along with standard triple therapy <strong>increased eradication rates and decreased overall therapy-related side effects<\/strong>, particularly diarrhea [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21039671\">R<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18681892\"> R<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16421034\"> R<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16292090\"> R<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25898944\"> R<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4391996\/\"> R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><em>S. boulardii<\/em> administered in addition to proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy non-significantly lowered the incidence of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain and significantly lowered the incidence of stomatitis, constipation, and diarrhea in infected children [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24661511\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><em>S. boulardii<\/em> improved anti-<em>H. pylori<\/em> therapy-associated diarrhea, epigastric discomfort, and treatment tolerability. In addition, <em>S. boulardii<\/em> decreased post-treatment dyspepsia symptoms independent of <em>H. pylori<\/em> status [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17669103\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h4>3) Bacterial, Parasitic, and Fungal Infections<\/h4>\n<p><em>S. boulardii<\/em> reduced <em>E. coli <\/em>numbers in children [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16703374\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><em>S. boulardii<\/em> suppressed <em>B. hominis<\/em> infection in children as efficiently as metronidazole [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20922415\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><em>S. boulardii <\/em>also effectively improved giardiasis when combined with metronidazole therapy in adult patients [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16798698\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>The addition of <em>S. boulardii<\/em> to metronidazole in amebiasis significantly decreases the duration of (bloody) diarrhea and enhances clearance of cysts in children, and decreases the duration of symptoms and cyst passage in adults [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19478257\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4611554\/\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>One study, however, found no benefit of <em>S. boulardii<\/em> in amebiasis [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19817264\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><em>S. boulardii <\/em>increased survival rate, protected against liver damage and inhibited the translocation of bacteria in mice infected with typhoid fever (<em>Salmonella enterica<\/em> Typhimurium) [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23376166\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>In cells, <em>S. boulardii<\/em> decreases <em>C. albicans<\/em> adhesion and reduces cytokine-mediated inflammatory host response [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20629753\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>In a study of preterm infants, prophylactic <em>S. boulardii <\/em>supplementation was as effective as nystatin in reducing fungal colonization and invasive fungal infection and more effective in reducing the incidence of clinical sepsis and the number of sepsis attacks. It also had a favorable effect on feeding intolerance in very low birth weight infants [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23703468\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h4>4) Immunity<\/h4>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-85843 size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/app\/uploads\/2016\/10\/s-boulardy-mechanism-480x305.png\" alt=\"s-boulardy-mechanism\" width=\"480\" height=\"305\" srcset=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/app\/uploads\/2016\/10\/s-boulardy-mechanism-480x305.png 480w, https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/app\/uploads\/2016\/10\/s-boulardy-mechanism.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/probiotics\/saccharomyces-cerevisiae-var-boulardii-probiotic-yeast\">http:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/probiotics-good-bacteria\/\">probiotics<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/probiotics\/saccharomyces-cerevisiae-var-boulardii-probiotic-yeast\">\/saccharomyces-cerevisiae-var-boulardii-probiotic-yeast<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>S. boulardii<\/em> <strong>enhanced the immune response<\/strong> in a study of children with pediatric acute gastroenteritis [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17542407\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Oral treatment with viable or heat-killed cells of <em>S. boulardii<\/em> maintained the intestinal integrity and modulates the immune system in mice, preventing bacterial translocation and intestinal lesions [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20936479\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h5>In HIV Patients<\/h5>\n<p>Treatment with <em>S. boulardii<\/em> decreased<strong> microbial translocation<\/strong> (LBP) <strong>and inflammation<\/strong> parameters in HIV-1-infected patients with long-term virologic suppression [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25469528\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Insufficient_Evidence_For\">Insufficient Evidence For<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Researchers are currently investigating whether <em>S. boulardii <\/em>has other health benefits. The potential benefits in this section have produced positive results in at least one clinical trial, but these studies are small, contradictory, or otherwise limited. Talk to your doctor before supplementing with <em>S. boulardii <\/em>for any reason.<\/p>\n<h4>5) Feeding Tolerance in Infants<\/h4>\n<p>Prophylactic supplementation of <em>S. boulardii <\/em>improved weight gain and<strong> feeding tolerance <\/strong>and had no adverse effects in preterm infants over 30 weeks old [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26946967\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Orally administered <em>S. boulardii<\/em> <strong>reduced feeding intolerance<\/strong> and clinical sepsis in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24028629\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h4>6) Cardiovascular Disease<\/h4>\n<p>In a small study of 12 patients, daily supplementation with <em>S. boulardii<\/em> lowered<strong> remnant lipoprotein in hypercholesterolemic adults<\/strong>, a predictive biomarker and potential therapeutic target in the treatment and prevention of coronary artery disease [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4432884\/\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"Animal_and_Cell_Studies_Lacking_Evidence\">Animal and Cell Studies (Lacking Evidence)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>No clinical evidence supports the use of <em>S. boulardii<\/em> for any of the conditions listed in this section. Below is a summary of the existing animal and cell-based research, which should guide further investigational efforts. However, the studies listed below should not be interpreted as supportive of any health benefit.<\/p>\n<h4>7) Diabetes and Obesity<\/h4>\n<p><em>S. boulardii<\/em> induced dramatic changes in<a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/how-your-gut-microbiota-can-make-you-fat-or-thin\/\"> gut microbiota<\/a>, <strong>reduced body weight and fat mass<\/strong> and <strong>improved hepatic steatosis and inflammatory tone<\/strong> in obese and type 2 diabetic mice [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4056549\/\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h4>8) Liver Health<\/h4>\n<p><em>S. boulardii<\/em> promoted<strong> liver function<\/strong> and <strong>slowed down the progress of liver fibrosis<\/strong> in rats [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25227279\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><em>S. <\/em>boulardii effectively <strong>prevented liver injury<\/strong> induced by <em>Salmonella<\/em> Enteritidis infection in mice [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25231732\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p><em>S. boulardii<\/em> ameliorated intestinal injury and the accompanying liver inflammation by supporting the antioxidant state of the tissues and by inhibiting the recruitment of <a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/neutrophils\/\">neutrophils<\/a> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23279717\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Mechanism_of_Action\"><strong>Mechanism of Action<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines <a href=\"http:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/supplements-lifestyle-factors-influence-tnf-interleukin-6-il-6\/\">TNF-\u03b1<\/a> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24503021\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18612822\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21903765\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17885943\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24722560\">R<\/a>], <a href=\"http:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/interleukin-1\/\">IL-1\u03b2<\/a> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24503021\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16816386\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16529714\">R<\/a>] and <a href=\"http:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/interleukin-6\/\">IL-6<\/a> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21903765\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25469528\">R<\/a>].<\/li>\n<li>Decreases <a href=\"http:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/il-8\/\">IL-8<\/a> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18612822\">R<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16816386\"> R<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16529714\"> R<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24722560\"> R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20629753\">R<\/a>] (with a handful of exceptions, including:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21903765\"> R<\/a>).<\/li>\n<li>Increases the anti-inflammatory cytokine <a href=\"http:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/il-10\/\">IL-10<\/a> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20936479\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24722560\">R<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4145484\/\"> R<\/a>] (in some tissues<a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/il-10\/\"> IL-10<\/a> may be decreased:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4145484\/\"> R<\/a>).<\/li>\n<li>Can both increase [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19997974\">R<\/a>] and decrease [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25227279\">R<\/a>] <a href=\"http:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/tgf\/\">TGF-beta<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Can both decrease [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17885943\">R<\/a>] and increases <a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/interferon-gamma-how-to-increase-decrease-high-low-levels\/\">IFN-\u03b3<\/a> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4145484\/\">R<\/a>].<\/li>\n<li>Increases IgA [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20936479\">R<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17542407\"> R<\/a>], can increase <a href=\"http:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/homing-fundamenal-cause-epstein-barr-reactivation\/#Top_Supplements_to_Increase_CD8_T_Cells\">CD8<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/lymphocytes\/\">lymphocytes<\/a> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17542407\">R<\/a>] and TLR2 and <a href=\"https:\/\/selfdecode.com\/gene\/tlr4\/?utm_source=seo&amp;#38;utm_medium=selfhacked&amp;#38;utm_campaign=id00002\">TLR4<\/a> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17885943\">R<\/a>].<\/li>\n<li>Increases <a href=\"http:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/30-scientifically-proven-health-benefits-glutathione\/\">GSH<\/a> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23279717\">R<\/a>].<\/li>\n<li>Decreases CXCL1 [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24503021\">R<\/a>], <a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/c-reactive-protein\/\">CRP<\/a> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17542407\">R<\/a>] and <a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/nuclear-factor-kappa-b\/\">NF-kappaB<\/a> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18612822\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16529714\">R<\/a>].<\/li>\n<li>Can both increase and decrease <a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/about-ppar-alpha-and-natural-ways-to-activate-it\/\">PPAR<\/a>-\u03b3 [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/18612822\">R<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2761627\/\">R<\/a>].<\/li>\n<li>Decreases COL1A1, \u03b1SMA, <a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/aspartate-aminotransferase-ast\/\">AST<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/blog\/alanine-aminotransferase\/\">ALT<\/a>, and MDA [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25227279\">R<\/a>].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\"Safety\"><strong>Safety<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><em>S. boulardii<\/em> is safe for use in otherwise healthy populations and was even shown to be safe in patients infected with HIV-1. That being said, if you are ill or if you have a suppressed immune system, we strongly recommend talking to your doctor before using probiotics [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25469528\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n<p>Fungemia is a rare but serious complication of treatment with <em>S. boulardii<\/em>, and this probiotic should be taken with care or avoided in immunocompromised patients [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3316799\/\">R<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><em>S. boulardii <\/em>is a commonly recommended probiotic for a number of GI issues, especially diarrhea. This probiotic may also combat bacterial, parasite and fungal infections and support the human immune system. Read on to learn more about the science behind these benefits.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14185,"featured_media":63735,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[22,283],"tags":[279,280],"yst_prominent_words":[25283,3403,3399,9784,3401,3395,3391,1621,1627,3238,511,515,529,593,27032,3393,27031,27030,3402,3398],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26756"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14185"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26756"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26756\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":120008,"href":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26756\/revisions\/120008"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63735"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26756"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26756"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26756"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/selfhacked.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=26756"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}